Stefán Einarsson. Terms of Direction in Old Icelandic: Difference between revisions

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==Annotation==  
==Annotation==  


Terms of direction in Icelandic sagas analysed, with an emphasis on local idiom or dialectal usages. Sagas are classified as western, eastern, northern or southern texts on the basis of the locality or setting of the text and the use of direction words examined. The frequency of directive adverbs ''inn, út, upp, ofan'' and ''fram'' in fourteen texts, suggests a number of regional tendancies. Egils saga uses two sets of directive adverbs – like Landnáma –: ''inn:út'', ''upp:ofan''. The first pair meains ‘towards the land,’ ‘towards the sea,’ pregnant meaning: ‘west,’ the second: ‘upp from the sea to the mountains, up the valley,’ ‘down (to the valley, down (the valley) to the sea.’ The characteristic thing about these sets is that ''inn'' and ''upp'' do not overlap, ''inn'' is used only as far as the shore line, ''upp'' above it. But ''út'' is not limited by the shore line; nevertheless ''út'' and ''ofan'' rarely if ever overlap, and ''ofan'' never takes the meaning vestr. It is ''ofan með ánni''... ‘down along the river,’ ''but út með sjó''... ‘out along the coast.’  
Terms of direction in Icelandic sagas analysed, with an emphasis on local idiom or dialectal usages. Sagas are classified as western, eastern, northern or southern texts on the basis of the locality or setting of the text and the use of direction words examined. The frequency of directive adverbs ''inn, út, upp, ofan'' and ''fram'' in fourteen texts, suggests a number of regional tendancies. Egils saga uses two sets of directive adverbs – like Landnáma –: ''inn:út'', ''upp:ofan''. The first pair meains ‘towards the land,’ ‘towards the sea,’ pregnant meaning: ‘west,’ the second: ‘upp from the sea to the mountains, up the valley,’ ‘down (to the valley, down (the valley) to the sea.’ The characteristic thing about these sets is that ''inn'' and ''upp'' do not overlap, ''inn'' is used only as far as the shore line, ''upp'' above it. But ''út'' is not limited by the shore line; nevertheless ''út'' and ''ofan'' rarely if ever overlap, and ''ofan'' never takes the meaning vestr. It is ''ofan með ánni''... ‘down along the river,’ but ''út með sjó''... ‘out along the coast.’  


==Lýsing==
==Lýsing==


Orð sem lýsa áttum í Íslendingasögunum eru greind. Lögð er áhersla á svæðisbundin eða mállýskubundin orð. Sögurnar eru flokkaðar eftir landshlutum (textar af Vesturlandi, Norðurlandi, Austurlandi og Suðurlandi) með hliðsjón af sögusviði og svo eru orð sem lýsa áttum greind. Tíðni ábendingarfornafnanna ''inn, út, upp, ofan'' og ''fram'' í fjórtán textum gea til kynna svæðibundnar tilhneigingar. Egils saga notar tvö sett slíkra ábendingarfornanfa, rétt eins og Landnáma: ''inn:út'', ''upp:ofan''. Fyrsta parið hefur merkinguna "inn til lands" og "út til sjávar" sem í raun merkir "í vestur". Síðara parið merkir "upp frá sjónum og í átt að fjöllunum, inn eftir dalnum" og "ofan eða út eftir dalnum í átt til sjávar". Það sem einkennir þessi pör er að "inn" og "upp" eru aldrei notuð í sömu merkingunni. "Inn" miðast við ströndina en "upp" á við þegar menn eru komnir lengra inn í land. Hins vegar miðast "út" ekki bara við ströndina. Engu að síður eru "út" og "ofan" sjaldan eða aldrei notuð í sömu merkingunni og "ofan" merkir aldrei "í vestur". Sagt er "ofan með ánni" en "út með sjó".


==See also==
==See also==
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* ''Written by:'' Katelin Parsons
* ''Written by:'' Katelin Parsons
* ''Icelandic translation:''  
* ''Icelandic translation:'' Jón Karl Helgason


[[Category:Egils saga]][[Category:Egils saga:_Articles]][[Category:Authors]][[Category:Topography]]
[[Category:Egils saga]][[Category:Egils saga:_Articles]][[Category:Authors]][[Category:Topography]]
[[Category:Language and style]][[Category:All entries]]
[[Category:Language and style]][[Category:All entries]]

Revision as of 11:25, 9 March 2012

  • Author: Stefán Einarsson
  • Title: Terms of Direction in Old Icelandic
  • Published in: Journal of English and German Philology 43/3
  • Year: 1944
  • Pages: 265-85
  • E-text:
  • Reference: Stefán Einarsson. "Terms of Direction in Old Icelandic." Journal of English and German Philology 43/3 (1944): 265-85.
  • Key words: topography, language and style (staðfræði, mál og stíll)


Annotation

Terms of direction in Icelandic sagas analysed, with an emphasis on local idiom or dialectal usages. Sagas are classified as western, eastern, northern or southern texts on the basis of the locality or setting of the text and the use of direction words examined. The frequency of directive adverbs inn, út, upp, ofan and fram in fourteen texts, suggests a number of regional tendancies. Egils saga uses two sets of directive adverbs – like Landnáma –: inn:út, upp:ofan. The first pair meains ‘towards the land,’ ‘towards the sea,’ pregnant meaning: ‘west,’ the second: ‘upp from the sea to the mountains, up the valley,’ ‘down (to the valley, down (the valley) to the sea.’ The characteristic thing about these sets is that inn and upp do not overlap, inn is used only as far as the shore line, upp above it. But út is not limited by the shore line; nevertheless út and ofan rarely if ever overlap, and ofan never takes the meaning vestr. It is ofan með ánni... ‘down along the river,’ but út með sjó... ‘out along the coast.’

Lýsing

Orð sem lýsa áttum í Íslendingasögunum eru greind. Lögð er áhersla á svæðisbundin eða mállýskubundin orð. Sögurnar eru flokkaðar eftir landshlutum (textar af Vesturlandi, Norðurlandi, Austurlandi og Suðurlandi) með hliðsjón af sögusviði og svo eru orð sem lýsa áttum greind. Tíðni ábendingarfornafnanna inn, út, upp, ofan og fram í fjórtán textum gea til kynna svæðibundnar tilhneigingar. Egils saga notar tvö sett slíkra ábendingarfornanfa, rétt eins og Landnáma: inn:út, upp:ofan. Fyrsta parið hefur merkinguna "inn til lands" og "út til sjávar" sem í raun merkir "í vestur". Síðara parið merkir "upp frá sjónum og í átt að fjöllunum, inn eftir dalnum" og "ofan eða út eftir dalnum í átt til sjávar". Það sem einkennir þessi pör er að "inn" og "upp" eru aldrei notuð í sömu merkingunni. "Inn" miðast við ströndina en "upp" á við þegar menn eru komnir lengra inn í land. Hins vegar miðast "út" ekki bara við ströndina. Engu að síður eru "út" og "ofan" sjaldan eða aldrei notuð í sömu merkingunni og "ofan" merkir aldrei "í vestur". Sagt er "ofan með ánni" en "út með sjó".

See also

References

Links

  • Written by: Katelin Parsons
  • Icelandic translation: Jón Karl Helgason
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